How to Resize Disk of a VM Instance in Google Cloud

You can also attach and mount new additional disk to your instance instead of resizing your disk.

Prerequisites

1. SSH access to your VM Instance.
2. Backup your disk by creating a snapshot of your disk. You can also setup automatic snapshot schedules.
3. Basic SSH terminal skills to execute commands.

Important: You can only enlarge the size of the existing disk, you cannot shrink your disk to lower size.

Step 1: Check Disk Size

Before resizing your disk size you can check your available disk space so you will get an idea about the available space in your disk. It is recommended to increase the size if your used space is more than 80%.

Execute the following command to check the disk space.

df -h

You will get an output similar to the one below.

Output
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            286M     0  286M   0% /dev
tmpfs            60M  2.4M   57M   4% /run
/dev/sda1       9.8G  1.1G  8.2G  12% /
tmpfs           297M     0  297M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           297M     0  297M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

Here /dev/sda1 is the one which shows the available and used space of your disk. I tested this on a new fresh disk with 10GB space.

Step 2: Check Partition

Now you need to check the partitions available on the your disk.

lsblk

This command shows the available partitions. You will get an output similar to this.

Output
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  10G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0  10G  0 part /

In this case we having only one partition.

As you can see, sda is the DEVICE_ID and 1 is the partition number.

Step 3: Increase Disk Size

Go to your Google Cloud Console and navigate to Compute >> VM Instances.

Click the name of the instance where you want to add a disk.

Scroll down to Boot disk and click on the disk name.

Now you will be taken to the Disk Management page.

Click Edit on the top.

Here you can specify the size of you need.

Click Save in the bottom to apply the changes.

Step 4: Grow Partition

Now you need to resize the partition using the growpart command with your device id and partition number.

sudo growpart /dev/sda 1

You will get something similar.

Output
CHANGED: partition=1 start=4096 old: size=20967424 end=20971520 new: size=1048571871,end=1048575967

Step 5: Resize File System

The last step is to resize the filesystem with the resize2fs command.

sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1

The output will be like this.

Output
resize2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 63
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 131071483 (4k) blocks long.

Step 6: Verify the Setup

Now you can verify the disk space using the df command. Your disk space must have rezised to the additional space you added.

df -h

Output
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            286M     0  286M   0% /dev
tmpfs            60M  2.4M   57M   4% /run
/dev/sda1       493G  1.2G  471G   1% /
tmpfs           297M     0  297M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           297M     0  297M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

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Conclusion

Now you have learned how to resize your VM Instance without restarting and without downtime.